Phishing – Caught Hook Line and Sinker

Phishing (pronounced FISHING) is the easiest way for hackers to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, birthday information and credit card information.

Scammers and hackers send out thousands of emails letting you know that there’s something wrong with your account, by disguising the email to look like an official notification from your bank, your credit card company or even your favorite big box store.

I stated it in an earlier column, but it bears repeating:
The IRS, Microsoft, Amazon, Google, banks, large corporations, and pretty much anyone will NEVER email or call you and tell you there’s a problem and ask you for personal information.

What makes this more diabolical is in the wake of security breaches like Target’s: remember that they estimated a low number and later admitted it was like 10 times the number they reported. They did send an email asking you to check your account. They didn’t send you a link, just a note saying that they were sorry that all your information “might have” been stolen and asked you to check your account.

Preying on that, the hackers and scammers sent out emails looking like official Target emails asking you to check your account and providing a link. Clicking on the link brought you to a page that looked “sort of” like Target’s official page and then asked you to enter in your username and email.

Even if you just click on the link, one of two things might happen

• You have now validated your email address. Some scammers encode your email address in the link. Is this bad? Not directly, but now that you have validated your email address and that you actually look at the scams. The person trying to scam you can now sell your email address and make more money. This means potentially more spam and more phishing attacks.
• Many sites contain malware, and some of it can slip by your virus scanner infecting your computer. In the old days, you had to download and install software to become infected. The new more sophisticated attacks might run a small javascript or Flash (if you have that enabled) and infect your system without your knowledge.

Again: In case you skimmed it: The IRS, Amazon, Microsoft, Google, banks, large corporations, and pretty much anyone will NEVER email or call you and tell you there’s a problem and ask you for personal information.

The best advice is to remember the above rule, but if you want to check it out for yourself, DON’T CLICK ON THE LINK! Instead, follow these simple tests:

• Look for non-English speaking things such as gross misspellings, very poor grammar, words in a different language or programming words (#user#, #username#, #email#, etc.).
• Google the email subject and see if anyone else has reported this type of email.
• Do you bank there, or do you have a credit card from that company?
• Call your bank, or call your credit card company, the number on the back, not the one in the email, and ask them if they know anything about the email. They want to stop fraud, they will be willing to help you.
• If it’s from the IRS (either email or call).
• Hover over the link. In the example below, the email says it’s from the IRS (Red Alert: It is fake!). The link in blue says http://www.irs.gov..... But when you hover your mouse over it, the notification at the bottom of your email says http://something.ru/wp-content/.... Instead of a .gov site (which is reserved for the government, the website ends in .ru, which is a Wordpress site located in Russia.

If ANY ONE of these tests fail, you can be assured it is some sort of phishing scam.

The above example fails on several levels:

1. It's from the IRS
2. The title says "Dear business owner." Note the poor capitalization as well as not even the courtesy of using your business name.
3. Hovering over the link, shows it will redirect you somewhere other than the IRS. But you deleted it as soon as it failed the first test, right?

Have questions, or need something explained better? Send me an email

Kraig Kasten, Genesis Computers

 

Cookies

They Aren’t Just For Snacking

The question of internet cookies comes up quite often in conversation both at work and out in public. Cookies were originally designed to be set by a website like Amazon.com and could only be read by Amazon. Often more "seasoned" computer users remember the days of Netscape 1 and the mess that was caused when it was revealed that any cookie set by anyone could be read by anyone. There were big news reports, widespread panic and fear that everyone’s security and privacy were compromised (which they were). The bug was quietly and quickly patched and things returned to normal. That being said, here are some things to know:

What is a cookie?

A Cookie (browser cookie, web cookie, and other names) describe a little piece of information that is stored on your computer. It can be used to hold any number of things:

• Information from forms that you filled in previously (phone numbers, addresses and even credit card numbers). Typically a well-design site will not store your credit card information in a cookie as this is dangerous. Hopefully if they do, they are encrypting the data to keep it even more secure.
• Authentication cookies are used to tell if you are logged in to the website. When you enter a username and password, the website typically drops a cookie in your computer to tell it that you are successful in your login so it does not bother you for a login again.
• Shopping cart information. Older sites put the entire shopping cart as a cookie, but there are practical limits on what can be stored. The way it normally works is that the website creates a shopping cart and assigns it an ID. The ID is set in the cookie. When you go to view your cart, the website reads the cookie, finds the ID and gets the information from the database and then displays your choices.
• Tracking cookies are used to keep track of the things you do. Anything from how many times you visited the site, to your approximate location, or even the last thing you searched for. Ever notice how you go to Staples.com or Google them and then every time you go to a site after that, little ads for Staples popup? These are called third-party tracking cookies, which are a little different than regular cookies.

Why cookies?

The name comes from a programming technique called "magic cookies" which was a packet of information that cannot be changed by the user. The internet is "stateless" which means that if you go to a website and then leave, only to return a litle later, the website has no idea that it is you again other than if you have the same internet address. Of course, in any office environment, your internal router only sends one address out to the internet. So how does the website know it’s you? The website places a cookie on your computer with some information and when you return the website reads the information and looks in its database and displays the shopping cart, or makes suggestions based on your browsing habits.

Are they dangerous?

The answer is that it depends on your comfort of privacy. For the most part, well-written websites will not store any private information in a cookie. Cookies (except third-party tracking cookies) are designed only to be added/updated/deleted by the website that sets them. There are some concerns about "intermediaries", or so called Man-In-The-Middle attacks. This can happen in open/free WiFi locations like libraries or coffee shops. A hacker can intercept the information and grab all your tracking cookies. This could be potentially harmful if the cookie contains login information or even just the piece that says you have been authenticated, and thereby the hacker is authenticated. You should never do banking or put in credit card information while using an open WiFi location!

How long to cookies stay on your computer?

Cookie times are set by the website designer and can have any time limit.

• This session only. You see these when you log into a site, and close your browser and when you open the site again, you are asked to log in once more. Typically, anything with banking will have these types of cookies.
• A specific time. Some cookies will be alive for anywhere from minutes to forever. You will find these types of cookies where there is sensitive information. Log into a bank site or somewhere where there is sensitive information and then after a number of minutes, the website will force you to log in again.
• Forever. Sometimes due to sloppy programming techniques or on purpose a cookie can last forever (or until you delete it). Typically, a tracking cookie will keep a date and timestamp and perhaps the internet address of your last visit and compare it, report it back and then update it. A great way for the website to see if they have return visitors.

How do I prevent cookies?

If you want to prevent cookies, or are at an open place like a coffee shop, use incognito mode in Google Chrome, or there are browser extensions that you can add in that will let you to block all, some or none of the cookies set. Be careful though if you don’t allow cookies, you might not be able to stay logged into your bank site, or keep items in your shopping cart.

How do I know I have cookies?

You always do. Unless you go "incognito", have a cookie blocker, or clean them out regularly, nearly every site sets cookies. In Google Chrome you can type "chrome://settings/siteData" (without the quotes) into the address bar and it shows you a list of all the cookies on yuur computer. It is amazing how many cookies there are as well as how many are set by a single site. A site like Amazon may set 15 cookies on your computer. Many cookies will be set from places that you never heard of (affiliates loaded in the margins on websites like Facebook, Saples, YouTube, etc.). Sites will set anywhere from a few to a few dozen third-party tracking cookies for later use on other sites to try to sell you ads.

How to I clear my cookies?

You can clear them in most browser in the Settings section and there is a place to clear all the cookies. In the Chrome page "chrome://settings/siteData" you can selectively choose which ones to view or delete including ones from sites you have never heard of, or ones from only your bank or Amazon or others. You can also download free programs like CCleaner (from ccleaner.com) which will erase all your tracking cookies for you.

Have questions, or need something explained better? Send me an email

Kraig Kasten, Genesis Computers

Facebook Hoaxes. You're Not Helping.

Every now and then I see a flurry of messages on Facebook that are all the same. Things like:

"Hi....I actually got another friend request from you yesterday...which I ignored so you may want to check your account. Hold your finger on the message until the forward button appears...then hit forward and all the people you want to forward too.... I had to do the people individually. Good Luck!"

Or

"In response to the new Facebook guidelines I hereby declare that my copyright is attached to all of my personal details, illustrations, comics, paintings, professional photos and videos, etc. (as a result of the Berner Convention). For commercial use of the above my written consent is needed at all times."

Or the big one:

"The new algorithm controlling Facebook's news feed now shows only posts from the same few people, about 25. Their system chooses the people to read your posts, but I would like to choose for myself. Therefore, I ask you a favor: please, right now...Leave me a quick comment, a 'hello,' a sticker, whatever you want - don't just 'like' - post something - so you will appear in my news feed. I have some interesting news coming and want to make sure it reaches you."

All of these are hoaxes. I can't say that they are scams, since they aren't actually asking you to do anything other than copy and paste it into your timeline. But NONE of these things are true. All they do is clog up your newsfeed and all your friends' newsfeeds and waste the time and space of those who have taken the time to Google it to see if this is really true and won't forward it: [ See Google Search Here ]

The problem:

• Facebook is full of scammers and people trying to take your money.
• Facebook is full of people trying to be the 'next big thing.' Even if that thing is creating something fake that is passed around the internet and makes it on the news.
• Facebook is full of really nice people who care and want to keep their friends informed and look like they are up on everything Facebook.
• It's easier to repost and check the facts later, than to spend the time looking for the facts before posting.
• Messages and recommendations come from your friends, and you can trust that they have checked the facts. Right?
• Facebook itself has noted security breaches and has been reported in the news about changing things to manipulate what you see or how you feel about what you see. So people are naturally skeptical: [ View Article ]

The Solutions:

• Facebook claims that they block over 1 million fake account signups per day. They also keep updating their systems to find people trying to run scams through Facebook. Ever had a friend request from someone you know and when you click on their profile, it doesn't exist? In the moments from the time the account was created until you looked at that profile it is already been deleted.
• VERIFY, VERIFY, VERIFY. When you see a message on Facebook that asks you to forward it, even if it's from a close friend do one of two things:
  • Copy & Paste some of the words into your favorite search engine and see if it's a hoax. 99.9999% of the time it is, but now you have verified that it is. DON'T forward it, even if you want to warn people about it. Most people won't read the whole message anyway and just forward it to their friends. Thereby perpetuating the hoax.
  • Check out a reliable source like https://www.snopes.com/ before posting. Snopes tries to carefully fact-check each request and tell you whether it's true or false. I am sure I made more than a few people mad when I link the Snopes article as a reply to their message showing them what they forwarded/posted was wrong.

AND ANOTHER THING!

I often see people spreading Facebook messages that will have a photo of a sick child, veteran, single mother and so on, or a heart-breaking story that has the tagline of something like:

Every Time her Picture is Shared she Receives $1
Facebook will donate $1 for every share or like
If this photo gets a million shares, Microsoft will donate toward their cancer treatment

These are HOAXES.

Why?

• Some people just get their kicks out of seeing how far they can push the truth and still get people to believe it. It strokes their ego to see that the share has been made millions of times. Bragging rights of sorts.
• Some people find enjoyment in watching other peoples' gut-wrenching reactions to these photos or stories. After all, you are a good person and want to help. Who wouldn't want to help a starving child, or a child with a rare cancer?
• Scammers use the information to target you in the future. Let's say you like the message, or share, or comment that you want to donate, you now have opened yourself up publicly that you would give money to this cause. Scammers love you.

Hoaxes? Really?

Yes. Think about it:

If a bar, or restaurant, or local business does a Facebook event as part of a contest, with prizes to those who like, share or comment on their post they are very clear to point out that only the shares from their original post (get free tickets, get a gift card, be the first in line, etc.). That way they can see how many times their original post has been shared. If you share it with your friends, and they share your post, the business doing the data would have to look at your page, see who you shared it with and who your friends shared it with. No business has the time or effort to go through all those profiles. Besides that, many of the Facebook profiles will have security settings that would prevent non-friends or groups from seeing their posts, so they would lose all that data anyway. Real Facebook marketers want to see exactly what is happening and not guess.

Also, going back to my post about Viruses, https://genesiscs.net/#blog Facebook, Microsoft, McDonalds are big corporations, they don't care about individuals per se. They all have charitable foundations that give away millions. But these funds are tightly controlled and wouldn't be given out to anyone who makes up a Facebook page, or an ambiguous amount like $1 per like or share.

Are Some True?

Most of the nationwide ones are not, especially if they involve clicking or sharing to garner money from someone.

That being said, it has been reported that 1 out of 3 GoFundMe campaigns are for medical bills. If you think someone local needs your help, contact your local bank and see if they are helping the family, or contact the family directly and ask them how you can help whether through clothes, furnishings or money. Remember to donate locally. I am sure the Benevolent Fireman's Fund (or whatever they are calling themselves now) is a worthy cause, but it is a nation-wide organizaton and most if not all of the money doesn't help those close to you. Your local fire fighters and police who are the people who put their lives on the line every day to make you safe. If you want to donate to their causes, call your local fire station or police station and ask how you can help.

Facebook really isn't the place.

Have questions, or need something explained better? Send me an email

Kraig Kasten, Genesis Computers

Anti-Virus Protection

One of the things I am asked often is "Do I need an anti-virus program, and if so, which one?"

The answer is always "Yes."

Which ant-virus program is very complicated. Some things to keep in mind:

No virus protection program stops every virus. No matter what they tell you. There are tons of variations on viruses, malware, trojans, learning viruses, phishing scams and so many more things that it is nearly impossible to keep the shields up against the threat. The next column will discuss the different types of intrusion and how to avoid them.

Anti-virus programs come in different flavors:

• Active means they are always running in the background. You install the anti-virus program and it runs in the background protecting you as you navigate the internet and hopefully warning you of something bad before it happens. Most also work in the background when your computer is idle to check for things that the program might have somehow missed or was disguised as a trojan horse.
• Passive means you have to trigger the program to work. It does not keep running checking your computer when it is idle.

The cost of an anti-virus program varies:

• Some have a one-time fixed cost (ie. $29.99) and you never have to pay again.
• Some have an upfront cost, anywhere from free to more than $50, and you pay an annual subscription to keep the software updated. The software will update itself a often as needed. Some even do it several times per day. You are basically buying it for a year and then rebuying it (without having to install it again).
• Some are free for either a limited time or forever, but you always have the option of paying at any time. In fact, the free ones will typically remind you to pay if you like the program or offer other higher-end services when you pay for the program.

Different software and hardware configurations can cause problems:
Sometimes when an anti-virus program is installed on a computer, it works great. Install the exact same program on another computer, and the computer locks up or does all kinds of other unexplainable things.

So, what should you do?

It’s your choice on whether or not you want to go with a free or paid program. I have had great success with the free programs. The nag screens (reminders), notwithstanding, I have been running a free program for years without any problem. Don’t listen to the computer salesman or the son of your Uncle's Brother-in-Law Tim, when they tell you that Windows Defender is good enough. It’s not!

Don't be fooled by big names: Just because the company is a tech giant or they have expensive advertising, or worse yet, it costs more than your average antivirus; doesn't necessarily mean it's a good thing.

Just because it's installed on your computer when you bought it, doesn't mean it's any good. This is called "bloatware" and the computer company brings down the cost of the computer by charging these companies to add free or almost free software to their computer. Typically, these free programs like an anti-virus will only run for 3 months and then you have to decide whether or not to pay to keep it up to date, risk it by not paying or uninstall it and reinstall a different one.

For most people, the free option is the best. What happens often if you buy an expensive one and then a year later, the program asks you to pay again to renew your subscription for modest fee of $29-$59 (ok, that's not so modest), most people don't want to pay for something they already bought or they put it off until "next month" and then suddenly it's two years later and their computer is full of viruses. I can’t tell you in all the years I have fixed computers, how many people have virus programs that have been expired for years. That means this program is great against viruses from years ago, but not so great for anything else. Remember, anti-virus programs slow down your computer, so having one that isn’t efficient is like riding a bicycle with wheels that aren’t perfectly round.

I once asked a client why he paid for his anti-virus when it has a perfectly good free version. He told me that by paying, he then had leverage to sue them if something bad happened because of a failure on the part of the anti-virus program. He of course was a lawyer so I see his point. Most people won't have the ability to fire off a lawsuit, but if something happens and you pay, you probably will get better support.

If you noticed earlier that I said no anti-virus program stops every threat, you might be tempted to run more than one. I have seen this happen. All it does is makes your computer slower. Remember that every time you open a file, document, or surf the web, all the data is passed through the anti-virus program. This effectively slows down your computer. Multiply that by two and it becomes even more noticeable. Of course, if your computer came with Windows Defender (they all do) that’s ok to let that run as well. Although I can honestly tell you that Windows Defender has never found a virus on my computer that my normal anti-virus didn’t catch first. Even ones that got through weren’t caught by either program.

You should ALWAYS install an anti-virus program that is active and watching you. You should also always install at least one passive program that you can run on occasion (I run mine monthly) just to be sure.

Have questions, or need something explained better? Send me an email

Kraig Kasten, Genesis Computers

Phishing – Caught Hook Line and Sinker

Phishing (pronounced FISHING) is the easiest way for hackers to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, birthday information and credit card information.

Scammers and hackers send out thousands of emails letting you know that there’s something wrong with your account, by disguising the email to look like an official notification from your bank, your credit card company or even your favorite big box store.

I stated it in an earlier column, but it bears repeating:
The IRS, Microsoft, Amazon, Google, banks, large corporations, and pretty much anyone will NEVER email or call you and tell you there’s a problem and ask you for personal information.

What makes this more diabolical is in the wake of security breaches like Target’s: remember that they estimated a low number and later admitted it was like 10 times the number they reported. They did send an email asking you to check your account. They didn’t send you a link, just a note saying that they were sorry that all your information “might have” been stolen and asked you to check your account.

Preying on that, the hackers and scammers sent out emails looking like official Target emails asking you to check your account and providing a link. Clicking on the link brought you to a page that looked “sort of” like Target’s official page and then asked you to enter in your username and email.

Even if you just click on the link, one of two things might happen

• You have now validated your email address. Some scammers encode your email address in the link. Is this bad? Not directly, but now that you have validated your email address and that you actually look at the scams. The person trying to scam you can now sell your email address and make more money. This means potentially more spam and more phishing attacks.
• Many sites contain malware, and some of it can slip by your virus scanner infecting your computer. In the old days, you had to download and install software to become infected. The new more sophisticated attacks might run a small javascript or Flash (if you have that enabled) and infect your system without your knowledge.

Again: In case you skimmed it: The IRS, Amazon, Microsoft, Google, banks, large corporations, and pretty much anyone will NEVER email or call you and tell you there’s a problem and ask you for personal information.

The best advice is to remember the above rule, but if you want to check it out for yourself, DON’T CLICK ON THE LINK! Instead, follow these simple tests:

• Look for non-English speaking things such as gross misspellings, very poor grammar, words in a different language or programming words (#user#, #username#, #email#, etc.).
• Google the email subject and see if anyone else has reported this type of email.
• Do you bank there, or do you have a credit card from that company?
• Call your bank, or call your credit card company, the number on the back, not the one in the email, and ask them if they know anything about the email. They want to stop fraud, they will be willing to help you.
• If it’s from the IRS (either email or call).
• Hover over the link. In the example below, the email says it’s from the IRS (Red Alert: It is fake!). The link in blue says http://www.irs.gov..... But when you hover your mouse over it, the notification at the bottom of your email says http://something.ru/wp-content/.... Instead of a .gov site (which is reserved for the government, the website ends in .ru, which is a Wordpress site located in Russia.

If ANY ONE of these tests fail, you can be assured it is some sort of phishing scam.

The above example fails on several levels:

1. It's from the IRS
2. The title says "Dear business owner." Note the poor capitalization as well as not even the courtesy of using your business name.
3. Hovering over the link, shows it will redirect you somewhere other than the IRS. But you deleted it as soon as it failed the first test, right?

Have questions, or need something explained better? Send me an email

Kraig Kasten, Genesis Computers

 

Is the Cold Bad for My Computer?

With the recent cold weather, I am often asked about how the weather affects computers. Here's a few thoughts on the subject ...

The short answer:

Yes, but typically only in extreme conditions. Either being in the extreme conditions (hot or cold) for too long or switching between extremes can be bad for any electronic device.

The long answer:

Let's talk about heat

Heat is bad for any electronic device. That is why there are many fans in a typical desktop and a sizeable one in most laptops. As the temperatures increase, both inside and out, it changes the resistance of the components and increases the current. This can cause the computer to run slowly and in extreme conditions will cause the components to fail or the computer to determine it is running too hot and shut itself down. Worst of all, it could cause a permanent failure of an electronic component before the computer shuts itself down and you now have a very expensive doorstop.

Now the cold

Cold is not as much of an enemy, again except in extreme conditions. Most computers run faster when exposed to cooler temperatures. Many large-scale computer operations are in air-conditioned rooms, and super computers are often cooled by anti-freeze and/or liquid nitrogen. I know of several people who have recently built computers just to play video games and the video cards become so hot that they had to install cooling systems (much like a radiator in a car) to help take the heat away from the components. There are even some crazy videos on YouTube of people trying different things to keep their computers cool including hooking up a cooling system that runs through a camping-type cooler or submersing the entire computer in a fish tank filled with mineral oil. I highly suggest you don’t attempt anything like that. There are many issues with updating components in a computer submersed in oil, oil viscosity and other things that need to be taken into account. A good set of fans or even an off the shelf liquid cooling system should do the trick for most people. It is just really just the overachievers who want faster and faster computers, thereby generating more heat, which requires better cooling.

Why not freeze the computer then?

Well, that sort of makes sense. After all supercomputers are cooled by liquid nitrogen, which is much colder than most people can achieve at home. But… There are several drawbacks to super cooling a computer.

First, it is expensive. There is a high cost to purchasing the materials and ensuring it working all the time. Second, most mass-produced parts cannot withstand the extreme cold. Connections can become brittle and break. Hard drives that aren’t solid state (SSD), typically have a lubricant in them to keep the read/write heads moving back and forth freely. This lubricant can freeze, causing your drive to seize up and stop working, potentially damaging your drive and all its data.

Years ago, the viscosity of the lubricant would break down under the extreme heat that drives generated, and when they cooled, the lubricant would become hard. This was often called "sticktion" (p. stick-shun) and the only way to fix it was to slam the drive on its side, freeing the stuck lubricant, and then plug it in to use one time to get the data off as the drive was essentially broken after that. The first time I did that in front of a client, I thought they were going to pass out. However, it worked and we retrieved their very important data. After the drive was powered down later, the drive never worked again. Fortunately, the lubricants have been improved, and solid state drives make this problem a thing of the past.

Moisture is the enemy

The biggest enemy to electronic devices is moisture.

If you live in the ever-changing weather of a place like Wisconsin, where the weather as I am writing this is -25° Fahrenheit, having a computer outside is not good for long periods of time, but going from your vehicle to your office might cause more problems than extreme heat or cold. Coming from outside to the Genesis office in Beaver Dam, there is nearly a 100° difference in temperature. Electronics tend to shrink when under extreme cold. That sudden jolt of electricity as you turn on your computer causes instant stress and heat on those connectors and wires could cause them to crack or break.

Condensation is a big concern

When you come from the cold to your nice warm office, home or home office, most objects begin to "sweat" due to condensation. A glass of ice water in the living room, even in the winter, will often have a ring of condensation below and down the sides of the glass if the humidity in the room is high enough. Your computer or electronic device left out in the cold for an extended period will act like that glass of water. Bring it in, and it will begin grabbing moisture out of the air.

What should I do?

If you bring it in and it doesn’t sweat, but it is cold to the touch, just give it a few minutes to acclimate and you should be good.

If you bring it in and it begins to sweat: DON’T TURN IT ON! Don’t even open the cover! If your laptop was in sleep with the cover closed, opening it will wake it up and start up all the electronics. Wait until it has had time to acclimate to the temperature and wipe off any condensation along the way. Make sure there is no extra moisture on the outside because you probably can’t see inside.

Have questions, or need something explained better? Send me an email

Kraig Kasten, Genesis Computers

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